Comentário sobre Baba Batra 1:1
הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁרָצוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת מְחִצָּה בֶּחָצֵר, בּוֹנִין אֶת הַכֹּתֶל בָּאֶמְצַע. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִבְנוֹת גָּוִיל, גָּזִית, כְּפִיסִין, לְבֵנִים, בּוֹנִים, הַכֹּל כְּמִנְהַג הַמְּדִינָה. בְּגָוִיל, זֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. בְּגָזִית, זֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם וּמֶחֱצָה, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם וּמֶחֱצָה. בִּכְפִיסִין, זֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם. בִּלְבֵנִים, זֶה נוֹתֵן טֶפַח וּמֶחֱצָה, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן טֶפַח וּמֶחֱצָה. לְפִיכָךְ אִם נָפַל הַכֹּתֶל, הַמָּקוֹם וְהָאֲבָנִים שֶׁל שְׁנֵיהֶם:
Se os parceiros desejavam fazer uma divisória em um pátio, eles construíam a parede no meio. [O "pátio" aqui é aquele para o qual não há lei de partição, não havendo quatro côvados para cada um dos parceiros, pelo que temos "se eles quisessem", ou seja, é apenas se os dois desejassem que eles fazem isso, mas um não pode obrigar o outro a fazê-lo. Pois em um pátio sujeito à lei da partição, cada um pode obrigar o próximo a se dividir. E agora estamos sendo informados de que, como eles queriam se dividir e cada um deles se apropriou da seção que lhe foi concedida por consentimento mútuo, eles construíram a muralha no meio, cada uma fornecendo da seção dela metade do espaço da espessura da muralha.] local onde era costume construir com pedras não guarnecidas, pedras aplainadas, ripas, [metade (a largura) de um tijolo, uma mão e meia de mão nas três mãos de um tijolo], ou tijolos, eles fazem isso—tudo de acordo com o costume da terra ["tudo", para incluir um lugar onde era costume fazer uma partição com brotos de videira e galhos de árvores. O costume da terra é seguido desde que a partição seja espessa o suficiente para impedir que cada um olhe para o domínio de seu vizinho, pois "dano causado pelo olhar" é chamado dano. E a altura da parede ou da divisória não pode ser inferior a quatro côvados.] Para (uma partição de) pedra não guarnecida, cada uma fornece três passagens de mão. Para pedras aplainadas, cada uma fornece duas passagens de mão e meia. [Uma parede de pedras não guarnecidas requer uma largura de mão maior que uma parede de pedras aplainadas para permitir cabeças de pedra ásperas e salientes.] Para tornos, cada uma delas fornece duas extensões de mão. Para tijolos, cada um fornece uma mão e meia de mão. [Uma parede de ripas é uma largura de mão mais espessa que uma parede de tijolos, pois uma ripas é colocada em ambos os lados, três barras de mão e uma largura de mão (é deixada) no meio, onde argila é colocada para se juntar a elas. A espessura de uma parede de tijolos é a de um tijolo inteiro, com três passagens de mão, sem a necessidade de argila no meio.] Portanto, se a parede cair, o espaço e as pedras pertencerão a ambos. [Estamos sendo informados de que, mesmo que as pedras caíssem no domínio de um deles, ou se um deles se apresentasse e as limpasse em seu domínio—Eu poderia pensar que "o ônus da prova recai sobre quem cobra (pagamento) ao seu vizinho"; portanto, somos avisados de outra forma.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
The first mishnah of Bava Batra deal with neighbors who share a courtyard. The mishnah is concerned with the building of a wall to separate the neighbors and with the ability of one neighbor to force the other neighbor to share the costs of building the wall.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
1) If two partners wish to make a partition in a courtyard they build the wall in the middle.
2) In a place where the custom is to build of unshaped stones, or of hewn stones, or of half-bricks, or of whole bricks, so they should build it—everything is according to local custom.
a) [If the wall is made of] unshaped stones this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths.
b) [If the wall is made of] hewn stones this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths.
c) [If the wall is made of] half-bricks this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths.
d) [If the wall is made of] whole bricks this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
In the time of the mishnah most homes did not have openings to the street but rather would open onto a common courtyard. The courtyard was used for all sorts of purposes and was the common property of the owners of the houses surrounding it. Our mishnah states that if the two partners wish to build a wall separating the courtyard they should build the wall in the middle and when they do, they should build the wall with the materials customary used in their place. There are four kinds of building materials mentioned in the mishnah, and the mishnah lists each one.
Clauses 2a through 2d all state how much of a person’s property he should allocate for the thickness of the wall. This space will depend on the thickness of the building materials. Unshaped stones are (on average) 6 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner must allocate three handbreadths of his property for the building of the wall. Hewn stones are only 3 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. A whole brick is 3 handbreadths wide, and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. Half bricks are one and half handbreadths wide. In order to make a wall with them they would use two half-bricks, placing mortar in between the two. The total width of the wall would be four handbreadths, and therefore each partner would allocate two handbreadths.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
• Mishnah one: If one partner wished to build with half-bricks and one partner with whole bricks, and the custom of the land was to use hewn stone, what type of wall should they build?
• What laws in modern society are similar to these types of laws? How are they different?
If two partners wish to make a partition in a courtyard they build the wall in the middle.
In a place where the custom is to build of unshaped stones, or of hewn stones, or of half-bricks, or of whole bricks, so they should build it everything is according to local custom. [If the wall is made of] unshaped stones this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths. [If the wall is made of] hewn stones this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths. [If the wall is made of] half-bricks this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths. [If the wall is made of] whole bricks this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths.
The first mishnah of Bava Batra deal with neighbors who share a courtyard. The mishnah is concerned with the building of a wall to separate the neighbors and with the ability of one neighbor to force the other neighbor to share the costs of building the wall.
In the time of the mishnah most homes did not have openings to the street but rather would open onto a common courtyard. The courtyard was used for all sorts of purposes and was the common property of the owners of the houses surrounding it. Our mishnah states that if the two partners wish to build a wall separating the courtyard they should build the wall in the middle and when they do, they should build the wall with the materials customary used in their place. There are four kinds of building materials mentioned in the mishnah, and the mishnah lists each one.
Clauses 2a through 2d all state how much of a person’s property he should allocate for the thickness of the wall. This space will depend on the thickness of the building materials. Unshaped stones are (on average) 6 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner must allocate three handbreadths of his property for the building of the wall. Hewn stones are only 3 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. A whole brick is 3 handbreadths wide, and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. Half bricks are one and half handbreadths wide. In order to make a wall with them they would use two half-bricks, placing mortar in between the two. The total width of the wall would be four handbreadths, and therefore each partner would allocate two handbreadths.